The problem we started with
Most agricultural produce leaving this country passes through several hands before it reaches a port. A collector buys from farmers, an aggregator buys from collectors, an exporter buys from the aggregator. Each step adds a margin and removes information, and by the end nobody can say which village a consignment came from.
There is a second cost, quieter than the first. When a chain is long, the price signal reaching the person who actually gathered the crop is weak and late. They are told what they will be paid rather than agreeing it, and they find out at the point of sale rather than before the season. That is not sustainable in the plain sense of the word: people stop doing work that pays unpredictably.
That matters commercially, not just morally. A buyer in Europe who cannot trace a shipment cannot make claims about it, and a shipment that fails a test cannot be narrowed down to the batch that caused the problem. What we test, and why.


